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CIRCUIT SEARCH
Database
*****************************************************************
USER MANUAL
Rev. 9404
*****************************************************************
Copyright (C) 1994 Circuit Search
*****************************************************************
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
INSTALLATION
Installation Procedure
System Requirements
USER INTERFACE
DATA FORMAT
Detailed Field Descriptions
TITLE
AUTHOR
AFFIL
MAG
DATE [YYMMDD]
PAGE [P]
ARTICLE LENGTH [LEN]
CCT
DEVICES [DEV]
# OF CIRCUITS [NOCCTS]
# OF DEVICES [NODEVS]
INDEX OF COMPLEXITY
ANALOG/DIGITAL [A_D]
PCB [FOILPATT]
PROGRAM [PROG]
REMARKS [REM1]
EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW]
Conventions and Nomenclature
Abbreviations and other Conventions
Standard Circuit Search Abbreviations
Exponents and other Superscripts
Subscripts
Non-English Characters
Case
Tolerances
Fractions
Other Abbreviations
BBB
LLL
X
SEARCH HINTS
Simple Search Example
Some More Things to Watch out for
Spelling Variants
Abbreviations within Abbreviations
Other Peculiarities concerning Abbreviations
Ambiguous Character Strings
Plurals, Suffixes and Conjugation
Device Types
Numbers
Units of Measure
Compound and Hyphenated Words
Conjunctions and Articles
CIRCUIT SEARCH SERVICES
FAX/Photocopying Services
Update/Revision Services
OTHER USES, IDEAS FOR THE CIRCUIT SEARCH DATABASE
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Definitions
Journal
Article
Circuit
Device
APPENDIX B
Special Punctuation
/ (slash)
& (ampersand)
\ (backslash)
^ (chevron)
~ (approximately)
= (equals)
. (period)
- (dash or minus)
< (less than)
> (greater than)
# (number)
X (by, times)
APPENDIX C
Journal Abbreviations (for MAG field)
APPENDIX D
Standard Circuit Search Abbreviations
APPENDIX E
Remarks (for REMARKS [REM1] field)
FAX/PHOTOCOPY REQUEST
REGISTRATION
DISCLAIMERS, COPYRIGHT, etc.
*****************************************************************
INTRODUCTION
The Circuit Search database consists of a collection of
references to more than 15,000 papers and articles containing
schematics of practical electronic circuits. A source of over
350 English-language scientific and technical journals and maga-
zines provides a complete interdisciplinary reference source.
Circuit Search is particularly useful to designers including
engineers, scientists, educators and consultants. Circuitry with
applications ranging from agriculture to astronomy, medicine to
microcomputers, is referenced. Analog, digital, interface, RF
and other categories of electronics are covered in this reference
source.
Circuit Search's intent is to provide you with brief
references to a wide range of circuit applications, not large
abstracts relating to any specific field.
Of particular interest to the designer is the ability to
search for circuits based on semiconductor device types used.
Circuit Search updates its database on a semi-regular basis
(usually about semi-annually). Whether or not it has been updat-
ed will be evident from the file name of the "PKZIPped" files.
In addition, a photocopy (FAX or mail) service is provided
for registered users who need hard copy of articles from journals
(covered by the Copyright Clearance Center). Prices reflect
payments to the CCC plus overhead. Most articles qualify.
Circuit Search can save designers countless hours of design
time spent "re-inventing the wheel" or hunting through magazines
and libraries. As well, it provides a bibliographic source for
ideas in circuit design.
*****************************************************************
Note that the Circuit Search database may be used and/or distrib-
uted (NOT FOR PROFIT) by telecommunications means (e.g. on BBS's
and FTP sites), but a $45 REGISTRATION FEE (payable to CIRCUIT
SEARCH only) is requested from distributors and users who find
this database useful. Registration fees help defray costs and
help to ensure that the Circuit Search database will continue to
be updated and upgraded. Distribution means must ensure that all
complete files (including and only CS.DBF, CSA.DBF, CSEARCH.EXE,
CSI.DBF, CSJ.DBF, CSK.DBF, CSMANUAL, CSR.DBF, GOODBYE.WIN, JOUR-
NAL.NTX, MAG.NTX, MAINMENU.WIN, PRINTME.1ST, REM.NTX,
UPDTMENU.WIN, UPDTNOTE.WIN, AND WELCOME.WIN [all initially con-
tained in one PKZIPped file called CCTSxxxx (or CSDEMO)], and
README.1ST [by itself]) are included in their original unaltered
form, and that only Circuit Search is credited and in no way
misrepresented.
*****************************************************************
****************************************************************
INSTALLATION
Installation Procedure
The Circuit Search database comes to you in two files (one a
PKZIPped file called CCTSxxxx (or CSDEMO if you decided to try
the mini version first) containing compressed data and executable
files, and one small initial README.1ST file).
The CCTSxxxx (or CSDEMO) file will have either a .ZIP exten-
sion [in which case PKUNZIP (which is generally readily available
from many sources) will unzip the CCTSxxxx (or CSDEMO) PKZIPped
file into the required executable and data files] or an .EXE
extension [in which case the CCTSxxxx (or CSDEMO) file is self-
extracting].
It is suggested that you place all Circuit Search files into
a single directory (CSEARCH, for example). This will avoid
confusion by keeping files related to the Circuit Search database
separate from other files on your hard disk. The full Circuit
Search database occupies in excess of 10MBytes on your hard disk,
so ensure that you have adequate free disk space.
When you wish to use the database, log into the appropriate
directory (CSEARCH, for example) and enter CSEARCH.
System Requirements
IBM PC (or compatible) running DOS V2.0 or higher
Hard disk with ~10MBytes or more free
****************************************************************
USER INTERFACE
The Circuit Search database comes to you with an easy-to-use
menu-driven "front end" to facilitate searches by keywords and
device numbers.
For the most part, little explanation is required, and
experimenting with the functions will give you the best idea of
how you would normally wish to perform searches (for more
information, see SEARCH HINTS).
Note that you can print out your screen with the F3 function
key when you locate a reference.
Updated versions of the database may also contain upgrades
and improvements for this front end.
Note that users who wish to use the Circuit Search database
with dBASE(R) III/III+ or a compatible DBMS, may freely do so,
as the database files are fully compatible ".DBF" files. In this
way, you may wish to add your own custom search functions. (Be
reminded, however, that if you distribute this software, it may
be distributed only in its original form, including its original
"front end" - as outlined in the INTRODUCTION.)
****************************************************************
DATA FORMAT
Once unzipped on your hard drive, Circuit Search provides
you with dBASE(R) III/III+ compatible data (.DBF) files of refer-
ence information. The executable (.EXE) and other files provide
you with the front end to facilitate searches.
Experienced dBASE(R) users may wish to perform their own
custom searches on data files. Therefore the brief summary below
provides you with "field" names as they appear in both the menu-
driven front end and in the raw main CS.DBF file.
The format of the primary Circuit Search database is
summarized as follows:
Corresponding
FIELD Contents Size (Bytes) dBASE FIELD
TITLE.....Title of paper/article 135 [TITLE]
AUTHOR....Name of primary author 18 [AUTHOR]
AFFIL.....Author's address (to contact 135 [AFFIL]
primary author)
MAG.......Title of journal/magazine (derived 4 ** [MAG]
from CSJ.DBF file)
VOL.......Volume number 3 [VOL]
NO........Issue number 4 [NO]
DATE......Date of issue (in year/month/day format) 6 [YYMMDD]
PAGE......First page number of article 4 [P]
ARTICLE LENGTH
.....Length of paper/article 1 [LEN]
CCT(S)....Brief description(s) of circuit(s) 135 [CCT]
DEVICES...Device types used (e.g. LM356) 60 [DEV]
# OF CIRCUITS
.....Number of circuits in article 1 [NOCCTS]
# OF DEVICES
.....Number of devices used in most 1 [NODEVS]
complex circuit in article
INDEX OF COMPLEXITY (0-100)
.....Indicates complexity and/or amount of * *
practical circuitry
ANALOG/DIGITAL
.....Circuits mainly analog or digital? 2 [A_D]
(e.g. A, D, AD or DA)
PCB.......Contains printed circuit board layout? 1 [FOILPATT]
PROGRAM...Contains computer program? (Y/N) 1 [PROG]
REMARKS...Remarks about any irregularities 5 [REM1]
(derived from CSR.DBF file)
EXTRA KEYWORDS
.....Additional relevant keywords 50 [EXTRAKW]
(not already contained in TITLE
or CCT)
COPIES AVAILABLE?
.....Indicates if you may obtain 1 [CODE]
FAX or photocopy
*** 10 *** [NOTES]
* Calculated; not in a .DBF file)
** The MAG field in the main CS.DBF file contains the
journal abbreviation, deriving full journal name for display from
the CSJ.DBF file.
*** This field need not concern you. It is incomplete at
this time and may be used in future development of the menu-
driven front end.
DBASE(R) compatible files containing information about jour-
nals covered (CSJ.DBF), standard abbreviations used (CSA.DBF) and
special remarks (CSR.DBF) are provided. These are transparent to
the user of the menu-driven front end. CSI.DBF and CSK.DBF files
are identification files. They must be present, but needn't
concern you (as these were customer-identification files required
when the Circuit Search database was distributed on diskettes).
Detailed Field Descriptions
A more detailed description of each field in each Circuit
Search database record follows. The type of data in the field
and its length are also indicated: (dBASE(R) field name refer-
ences in [square brackets])
TITLE / [TITLE]:
(character field; length: 135)
Contains the title of the article
If an article is referred to by the same column heading
(i.e. is a regular feature) in consecutive issues (e.g. "Project
of the Month" in "Popular Electronics", "Designer's Casebook" in
"Electronics", or "Build This..." in "Radio-Electronics"), such
articles are referred to by the title only (if provided). Where
a series of articles under one general title (e.g. a special
report on a particular subject) is written by several different
authors, each author's contribution is treated as a separate re-
cord.
When a record consists of an article containing circuit(s)
referring to corrections or improvements to previously published
designs, or consists of a letter to the editor of a column, the
TITLE field contains the character string "LLL". This type of
entry is frequently found in columns devoted to letters to an
editor, correction columns, and the like. (Where possible, the
journal name (abbreviated) and date corresponding to the design
referred to is provided in the CCT field.)
Where applicable, the TITLE field also contains the standard
Circuit Search abbreviation(s) (see Appendix D) within square
brackets following the title. This is done to ease searches on
the TITLE field. For example, if a title were "Techniques in
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance", the full entry in the TITLE field
would be:
TECHNIQUES IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE [NMR.]
Numerical data contained textually in the title is also
presented numerically in this fashion (e.g. "FIVE" in the title
would be presented as "[5]" following the title).
Other data within square brackets following the title are
units of measurement as used in the Circuit Search database (if
not already so provided by the author in the actual title). For
most units of measurement, the Circuit Search database
concatenates the number and the unit (e.g. "10 MHz" or "ten
Megahertz" in the author's title would appear as "10MHZ" within
square brackets following the title. This practice is also
followed in the CCT and EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] fields. (see the
SEARCH HINTS section).
Within the square brackets, individual entries of this type
are delimited by a "/" (slash).
AUTHOR / [AUTHOR]:
(character field; length: 18)
Contains the name of the main author of the article (if
provided by the journal).
If the article was authored by more than one individual, the
first name referred to by the article is used (unless the article
specifies that correspondence should be addressed to another, in
which case that name is contained in this field).
The format is "Lastname,Initials(s)". For example, John Doe
appears as "DOE,J."
AFFIL / [AFFIL]:
(character field; length: 135)
Contains the name of the company or employer that the author
is affiliated with (if provided in the article), and
the address at which that author can be contacted (if
provided).
Information is given as provided by the article, and
determination as to whether the address is suitable for postal
purposes, or is outdated, is left to you.
The author's title or position is not provided. In cases
where the author has an amateur radio (ham) licence, and call
letters are provided in the article, these call letters precede
all other data in this field. Where more than one address is
provided by the article, the permanent address (or the first
address, if this cannot be determined) is given in this field.
The address for authors specifically referred to as editors
is simply the title of the journal (unless other specific address
information is given within the article).
The address in this field is as provided by the article,
except in the case of some U.S. addresses, where states are
always provided using standard postal abbreviations (e.g "AK" for
Alaska, "MN" for Minnesota, "NY" for New York, etc.). Also,
"United Kingdom" or "U.K." is always abbreviated "UK".
MAG / [MAG]:
(character field; length: 4)
Contains the name of the journal/magazine containing the
article.
DATE / [YYMMDD]:
(numeric field; length: 6)
Contains the date (in the format "year, month, day") of
issue of the journal (e.g. 840802 would refer to the
issue of August 2, 1984).
Think of this field as "year/month/day". This field is 6
numeric characters in length. The first 2 numbers refer to the
year (e.g. 1984 appears as "84"), the 3rd and 4th numbers refer
to the month (except in certain cases as specified below) (e.g.
February appears as "02" or November appears as "11"), and the
last 2 numbers refer to the day (e.g. "15" represents the 15th
day of the month).
Where the last two numbers (the "day" portion) are "00", the
journal does not issue more than once per month, and these
numbers can be essentially ignored.
In the case of several journals, a month of issue is not
provided by the journal. Rather, only the issue number is
provided. In these cases, the 3rd and 4th numbers (the "month"
portion of the date) contains the issue number (same data as
contained in the "NO" field). Such occurrences are referred to
in the REMARKS [REM1] field.
VOL / [VOL]:
(numeric field; length: 3)
Contains the volume number of the journal that the article
appears in.
In some cases, a journal (e.g. "Micro 80") may not refer to
volumes, but only issue numbers. In such cases, the "VOL" field
contains "0".
In other cases (e.g. "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in
Physics" and some IEEE transactions), the volume number (as found
in the journal) is prefixed by "A", "B" or other letter(s),
referring to the journal part. Certain journals of this type
appear in two or more parts. The MAG field handles any such
occurrences. Therefore, such prefixes are not included in this
field.
NO / [NO]:
(numeric field; length: 4)
Contains the issue number of the journal in which the
article appears.
In rare cases, two or more issues appear as a single bound
publication. In such cases, the earliest of the two or more
issue numbers referred to by the journal is entered in this
field. The REMARKS [REM1] field makes references to such
occurrences.
PAGE / [P]:
(numeric field; length: 4)
Contains the page number on which the article begins.
ARTICLE LENGTH / [LEN]:
(numeric field; length: 1)
Contains the length of the article in pages (including any
partial pages)
An article may begin on the lower quarter of page 100 and
end on the upper third of page 101, but this still accounts for a
length of 2 pages. Full advertising pages contained amid an
article are not counted.
An entry of "9" indicates that the article is 9 or more
pages in length.
CCT(S) / [CCT]:
(character field; length: 135)
Contains the name(s) and/or function(s) and/or other
description(s) of circuits(s) referred to in the
article.
Descriptions are provided in a manner that resembles the
manner in which circuits are referred to in the article. A
certain amount of "abstracting" is frequently found in this
field.
Numeric data is entered in this field numerically (i.e.
"one" is found as "1", "four" is found as "4", etc.).
When a circuit in an article conforms to all criteria for
inclusion in the Circuit Search data base, but does not contain
any identified passive (R, L or C) components, or when a circuit
is specifically referred to in the article as a "block" diagram,
the character string "BBB" follows the circuit description in
this field. A "BBB" notation at the end of this field (following
"/") implies that all circuits described conform to this "block
diagram" definition. (Note that this type of block diagram often
is a digital circuit which may contain all relevant
interconnections, but contains no passive components by virtue of
the nature of the circuitry.)
Individual circuit descriptions are delimited by a slash
("/"). If a slash is transcribed from the article, it is found
replaced with a dash ("-"), so as not to confuse such punctuation
with "/" delimiters.
The number of circuits named and/or described may not
necessarily be equal to the number of circuits stated in the
"NOCCTS" field. The reasons for this may be: 1) there is
insufficient room in the "CCT" field to contain all circuit
descriptions, or 2) certain circuit sub-units in the article,
which qualify by definition as a separate circuit, do not warrant
a separate circuit description, or are, in fact, not described
adequately as a separate unit in the article itself.
A number within round brackets following a circuit
description indicates the actual number of individual circuits
(as per Circuit Search's definition) described.
A journal abbreviation followed by a date code (e.g.
AUAM8703) in brackets following the circuit(s) described,
indicates that the article is making reference to another
article. This is frequently the case where "LLL" appears in the
TITLE field (see above), where either a correction or improvement
to a previous article has been made, or the author is referring
to another article in a letter or (usually) short article.
"AUAM8703" would refer you to "Audio Amateur", March 1987. (The
journal abbreviation usually refers to the very journal that the
record makes reference to in the MAG field.) Any such reference,
of course, may not necessarily have a corresponding entry in the
Circuit Search database (depending on factors related to whether
or not the original article qualified or when it appeared).
A reference such as "COCH8801#" would refer you to
"Computers in Chemistry", 1988, Issue #1. This latter
nomenclature is used where either the journal does not provide
month of issue information, or where only the issue number data
is available at this time.
DEVICES / [DEV]:
(character field; length: 60)
Contains device type number(s) of electronic device(s)
referred to in the circuit diagram(s).
Device numbers are cited as provided by the author. For
example, an otherwise generic "741" operational amplifier might
be referred to as "741", "LM741" (National Semiconductor),
"UA741" (Fairchild), "AD741" (Analog Devices) or "MC1741"
(Motorola), depending on the author's nomenclature, and the
manufacturer of the device that the author used or referred to.
Similarly, device type suffixes (e.g. "741N") (generally
indicating package type or grade) may or may not be included,
depending on the author's style.
This field may not necessarily contain all device types
referred to, in cases where the total number of device types is
too great to be included in the 60-character field length. In
these cases, every attempt is made to include the most complex
devices.
Where a circuit diagram depicts a block symbol that
represents more than one device, such a device is excluded from
entry (and is also not considered a device in determination of
whether or not such a "circuit" meets the criteria for inclusion
in the Circuit Search database. Also, such representations are
not counted for the # OF DEVICES [NODEVS] field (see below). For
example, a single block referred to as consisting of 4 of "4116"
memory devices is not considered.
# OF CIRCUITS / [NOCCTS]:
(numeric field; length: 1)
Contains the number of circuits contained in the article.
The purpose of this field is to give you a general feel for
the overall scope of the article in terms of the number of
practical circuits.
An entry of "9" indicates 9 or more circuits. When a single
circuit spans more than one page, it is allotted a count of 1 for
each page.
# OF DEVICES / [NODEVS]:
(numeric field; length: 1)
Contains the number of devices in that circuit which
contains the greatest number of devices, within the
article.
The purpose of this field is to give you an indication of
the amount of practical circuitry contained in the article.
Two-terminal devices, although they appear in the DEVICES
[DEV] field are not counted in this field (the reason for this
being that many circuits utilize too many diodes, LED's and
similar devices to have their count be representative of the
actual complexity of the circuit).
Also, for the sake of consistency, when a device (which may
otherwise be known to be more complex) is shown with only 2
connections, it is not counted as a device in this field. This
helps to filter out entries which tend to be of a non-practical
"block diagram" nature. These conventions result in a small
number of records that appear to contain an anomaly between data
contained in the DEVICES [DEV] and # OF DEVICES [NODEVS] fields.
When the content of this field is "9", the device count is 9
or more.
When the content of this field is "0", this does not imply
that there are no devices in the circuit, but rather that there
are no identified devices with pin counts exceeding 2 (as
depicted in the article).
All identified individually packaged devices in a circuit
are counted individually (e.g. if a circuit contains 4 of "741"
IC's, they are counted as 4, not 1). If, however, individual
sections of one integrated device are shown (e.g. 3 inverters of
a hex inverter IC, such as a 7404), these count for only 1
device.
For these reasons, the content of the # OF DEVICES [NODEVS]
field frequently (if not usually) does not equal the number of
devices cited in the DEVICES [DEV] field.
INDEX OF COMPLEXITY (0-100):
(calculated; not in .DBF file)
Indicates an estimate of the complexity and/or amount of
circuitry contained in the article, on a scale of 0 to
100.
This field is calculated from entries in the # OF CIRCUITS
[NOCCTS] and # OF DEVICES [NODEVS] fields, and indicates (as
objectively as is possible) the complexity and/or amount of
practical circuitry contained in the article.
The formula consists of multiplying the # OF CIRCUITS
[NOCCTS] and the # OF DEVICES [NODEVS] fields, dividing by 81
(the maximum product of the 2 fields), and multiplying by 100.
Thus, it can be seen that for an article with # OF CIRCUITS
[NOCCTS] equal to "9" (the maximum) and # OF DEVICES [NODEVS]
equal to "9" (the maximum as well), the INDEX OF COMPLEXITY
becomes 100 (the maximum).
In fact, a fairly good spread occurs. A low figure in this
field does, of course, not necessarily imply that the circuit(s)
may not be interesting or innovative. Other factors that should
be taken into account when evaluating an article on this basis,
are the title, the journal that the article appeared in, and the
device types used.
If the contents of this field equals "0", it simply means
that the contents of the # OF DEVICES [NODEVS] field is "0",
indicating that no device with a pin count greater than 2 is used
in the circuit(s).
ANALOG/DIGITAL / [A_D]:
(character field; length: 2)
This field indicates the nature of the circuit(s), as to
whether they are analog (A) or digital (D) in nature.
"DA" implies that the circuit is primarily digital in nature
with some analog aspects, and "AD" refers the the converse. This
is a somewhat subjective classification in some cases, and takes
into account the types of devices used, as well as other devices,
circuitry or equipment the circuit(s) interface(s) to.
PCB / [FOILPATT]:
(character field; length: 1)
Indicates whether or not the article contains a circuit
pattern for purposes of etching a printed circuit
board.
Layouts other than those of a PCB (printed circit board)
nature (e.g. "Vector" board point-to-point wiring layouts) are
referred to as "NO" in this field.
In some cases, depending upon the degree to which layout is
detailed, microstripline techniques (e.g. those used in RF
circuits) may qualify for this criterion.
(Note that some earlier entries may not contain an entry in
this field.)
PROGRAM / [PROG]:
(character field; length: 1)
Indicates whether or not the article contains a computer
program or listing.
Generally, a continuous listing of 5 lines or more is
required before Circuit Search recognizes that the article
contains a program, be this hexadecimal code, assembler or a
high-level language. A flowchart by itself does not qualify. In
some cases, a program may consist of a data listing for an EPROM,
for example, data for a simulation or CAD (computer-aided design)
package (like SPICE), PAL (programmable array logic) equations or
code for other programmable devices, or a program for a program-
mable calculator.
(Note that some earlier records may not have an entry in
this field.)
REMARKS / [REM1]:
(character field; length: 5)
Contains code(s) which, when referred to the CSR.DBF file,
give(s) special remarks (if any) concerning the record.
(see Appendix E)
EXTRA KEYWORDS / [EXTRAKW]:
(character field; length: 50)
Contains additional (extra) relevant "keywords" contained in
the article, but not necessarily contained in the
CCT or TITLE fields.
The significance of words in this field should be regarded
rather loosely, and should not necessarily be interpreted as
indicating that circuit(s) pertaining to the precise words used
are contained in the article (although this is sometimes the
case, especially in cases where too many circuits were found in
the article, for inclusion in the CCT field).
COPIES AVAILABLE? / [CODE]:
(character field; length: 1)
Indicates whether or not a FAX or photocopy of the article
may be obtained through Circuit Search.
This field indicates whether or not you may obtain a legal
FAX or photocopy of the article referred to from Circuit Search.
(Circuit Search is registered with the Copyright Clearance Cen-
ter.) See the price list (in the PRINTME.1ST file) for rates
that reflect CCC costs and overhead.
Otherwise, Circuit Search cannot provide a FAX or photocopy.
Most articles qualify for FAXing and photocopying.
Conventions and nomenclature
The Circuit Search database consists of records, each of
which contains information concerning 1 "article" found in a
"journal". (The terms "journal" and "magazine", and "article"
and "paper" are used interchangeably throughout Circuit Search
literature.)
To qualify, the article must contain at least one "circuit".
To qualify as a circuit, it must contain "device(s)" as per
Circuit Search's definition.
The terms "article", "journal", "circuit" and "device", as
used in the context of the Circuit Search database, are defined
in Appendix A.
A database file of information consists of entries called
"records", each of which is further subdivided into "fields". In
the case of the Circuit Search database, the fields of each
record consist of individual parameters, such as title, journal,
date, author, author affiliation, devices, circuit(s), etc.
Abbreviations and other Conventions
Standard Circuit Search Abbreviations
Certain standard abbreviations are used throughout the
Circuit Search database. Rather than listing them at this point
(they are contained in Appendix C of this manual and in the
CSA.DBF file), let us examine the nature of these "standard"
abbreviations.
Firstly, all standard Circuit Search abbreviations are
terminated with a period ("."). One of the reasons for this
convention is to reduce ambiguity in searches. For example,
using this convention, a search for the character string "RAM."
would likely only uncover entries concerned with random access
memory. If Circuit Search had not used this convention, imagine
all the unrelated nonsense that would be found by searching for
the string "RAM" without a period. Included would be things like
"GRAMOPHONE", "FRAME", "TRAMPOLINE", to name a few (assuming such
references existed in the Circuit Search database).
Standard abbreviations usually occur on their own, but may
sometimes be pluralized ("FET." becomes "FET.S") or otherwise
added to using prefixes and/or suffixes.
Exponents and other Superscripts
When exponents and other superscripts appear in the article
title, they are represented as follows in the TITLE field: "10"
raised to the power "2" ("10 squared") becomes "10^2", or "6"
raised to the power "-11" becomes "6^-11". This convention is
also followed in the CCT and EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW]
fields.
Subscripts
Subscripts are represented using a backslash symbol ("\")
when shifting to a lower text level (e.g. "CO\2" refers to carbon
dioxide with the "2" shifted to the subscript level in the
article).
Non-English Characters
Non-English alphabetic characters are usually represented by
their nearest English alphabetic equivalent (e.g. the German "o
umlaut" is represented by "O", and the French "e" with "accent
grave" or "accent aigu" is represented by "E". The Greek "mu"
symbol is represented by "U". The Greek "omega" (as referring to
resistance, for example) is represented by "OHM".
Where a Greek character is spelled out fully in English in
the TITLE field, reference is made to this in the REMARKS [REM1]
field.
Case
All data in the Circuit Search database use UPPERCASE
characters.
Tolerances
For tolerances and the like, where a "+" and "-" symbol are
found represented vertically preceding a value, the entry shows
"+-".
Fractions
Fractions found next to integer numbers in the article title
are separated by a "-" (e.g. "4-1/2" or "12-13/17") in the TITLE
field. The CCT and EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] fields
contain "/" symbols only as delimiters, so fractions are
converted to their decimal equivalents in these fields, where
possible. Otherwise, where a "/" appears in the article, it is
replaced with a dash ("-").
Other Abbreviations
The following abbreviations are used in the AFFIL field:
Company...............CO.
Corporation...........CORP.
Department............DEPT.
Division..............DIV.
Incorporated..........INC.
Institute.............INST.
Limited...............LTD.
University............U.
As well, in the AFFIL field, standard U.S. postal state
abbreviations are used (e.g. "NJ" for New Jersey, "WY" for
Wyoming, "TN" for Tennessee, etc.).
Abbreviations of common units of measurement, when they
occur in association with numbers, appear with no space between
the number and the unit. For example, 5 volts becomes 5V, and
100 kilohertz becomes 100KHZ. Other commonly used abbreviations
used in this manner are A (amperes), KM (kilometers) and W
(watts). Another common unit is the ohm, which is spelled out in
full, but still appears immediately next to any number (e.g.
50OHM, which could refer to "50-ohm" or "50 ohms"; or "100KOHM").
All standard metric (decimal) system prefixes apply (i.e. F
for femto-, P for pico-, N for nano-, U for micro-, M for milli-
or Mega-, K for Kilo-, G for Giga-, T for Tera-, etc. Therefore,
for example, "20 picoamperes" appears as "20PA", and "10
Gigahertz" appears as "10GHZ".
When such units of measurement occur in the title in
conjunction with a numeric value, the TITLE field also contains
the associated abbreviation(s) and number(s) associated with them
within square brackets "[]" following the title, in conjunction
with any standard Circuit Search abbreviation(s) with may also
occur in the title (e.g. "[10MA]" or "[10MHZ/RF./AMP.]" might be
typical entries found as extensions to the title.
A list of typical typical units of measurement as they are
found throughout the Circuit Search database follows:
"5KHZ" (5 Kilohertz or 5-Kilohertz)
"3.3UH" (3.3 microHenries or 3.3-microHenry)
Note the use of "U" to replace the Greek "mu" for
"micro"
"100PF" (100 picoFarads or 100-picoFarad)
"10LB" (10 pounds or 10-pound)
"6OZ" (6 ounces or 6-ounce)
"2FT" (2 feet or 2-foot)
"4IN" (4 inches or 4-inch)
"117V" (117 volts or 117-volt)
"10S" (10 seconds or 10-second)
"12A" (12 amp(ere)s or 12-amp(ere))
"20M" (20 meters or 20-meter)
"680US" (680 microseconds or 680-microsecond)
"100W (100 watts or 100-watt)
"3DB" (3 dB or 3 decibels)
"180DEG" (180 degrees or 180-degree) (note that this format
is used wherever the "degree" symbol occurs in
conjunction with a number, whether in reference to
temperature or angle)
"2YR" (2 years or 2-year)
"60HZ" (60 Hertz)
"1000UF" (1000 microFarads or 1000-microFarad)
"12MH" (12 milliHenries or 12-milliHenry)
"1L" (1 litre)
"50OHM" (50 ohms or 50-ohm)
Note that "M" in this usage can refer to the "milli-" or
"Mega-" prefix, due to the upper-case nature of the Circuit
Search database. In most cases the context gives away the true
meaning.
A list of Circuit Search's abbreviations of journals can be
found in Appendix C. You will find them as well in the CSJ.DBF
file. These abbreviations are generally not required by the user
using the menu-driven front end.
BBB
The character string "BBB" occurs after the circuit(s)
described in the CCT field if such circuit(s) is (are)
of a "block diagram" nature (see definition in Appendix A). If a
"BBB" character string follows a "/" following the circuits
described, this means that all circuits described are of a "block
diagram" nature.
LLL
The character string "LLL" occurs in the TITLE field after
the actual title if the article consists of a letter to an
editor, a correction to a previously published article, or an
article (usually 3 or fewer pages in length) specifically refer-
ring to the contents of a previous article. If such reference is
made, the CCT field will generally contain the journal and date
that correspond to the first (if more than one) article that the
author refers to. For example, "(RESC8902)" refers to "Review of
Scientific Instruments", February, 1989. "(AUAM8803#)" would
refer to the 3rd issue of 1988 of "Audio Amateur". This "#"
notation is sometimes necessary, either because the reference is
made by issue number by the author (and there is no easy way to
cross-reference this to a date, or because the the journal re-
ferred to uses only issue numbers instead of dates.
X
When 2 numbers are separated by "X" (meaning "by" or
"times"), as in "3 X 4" or "2K X 8" or "4 X 5 inches", such text
is standardized to omit any spaces between "X" and the numbers.
These examples become "3X4", "2KX8" and "4X5IN" respectively.
Where such nomenclature is not adhered to in the literal title,
the TITLE field contains the standardized format within square
brackets following the title (like standard Circuit Search
abbreviations and units of measure).
****************************************************************
SEARCH HINTS
If you plan to use the Circuit Search database extensively,
it may be wise to familiarize yourself slightly with conventions
and nomenclature (including abbreviations) used throughout the
Circuit Search database. In any case, you will probably soon
become familiar with many of Circuit Search's conventions.
One fundamental principle should be observed when performing
searches in the Circuit Search database, to achieve optimal
results. The menu-driven front end achieves this for you by
default. However, if you plan to use dBASE(R) III/III+ (or com-
patible) directly to conduct searches, observe the following
guideline:
If searching for circuit descriptions, ALWAYS perform the
search on either:
1) The TITLE field only
or
2) The TITLE field plus the CCT field
or
3) The TITLE field plus the CCT field plus the
EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] field
There is a reason for this: frequently, especially where
room in the CCT field is at a premium for the circuit(s) de-
scribed in the article, the CCT field may not necessarily contain
some words which already occur in the TITLE field. As well, the
EXTRA KEYWORD [EXTRAKW] field may contain some additional rele-
vant (but not necessarily directly applicable to the circuit(s))
words and phrases which were neither covered by the TITLE field
nor the CCT field (for any number of reasons, but frequently
space limitations).
The entire Circuit Search database is composed in UPPER CASE
characters. If you are using the menu-driven front end, this is
not of concern to you, but if you are using dBASE(R) (or compati-
ble), it is recommended that you set your CAPS LOCK key accord-
ingly before attempting any searches.
Simple Search Example
Let's try a very simple search using the menu-driven front
end:
We'll try to find references to power amplifiers in the
TITLE and/or the CCT fields. When you get to the main
menu, select the option ("A 2-word Boolean AND Search on the
Title Field Plus the Cct Field"). Effectively, we will be
searching on the TITLE field concatenated with CCT field. Into
the spaces provided, enter "POWER" in one and "AMP." (the
standard Circuit Search abbreviation for amplifier or amp) in the
other. Hit the SPACE bar and away you go. You will probably
notice that a few references will appear that aren't necessarily
related to power amplifiers - i.e. the words or character strings
"POWER" and "AMP." just happen to occur somewhere in the title
and/or circuit fields (not necessarily in that order, nor neces-
sarily side by side).
If you get bored, hit the END key. Otherwise, just keep
hitting the SPACE bar.
One peculiarity with this particular example is that the
standard Circuit Search abbreviations "OA." (operational
amplifier or op amp) and "OTA." (operational transconductance
amplifier) which both contain the "amplifier" reference, will not
be found by using the "AMP." string, as they are already covered
by their own abbreviations. Therefore a reference containing
only "POWER OA." ("power op amp" or "power operational
amplifier") would not be located.
This occurs for a number of standard Circuit Search
abbreviations. Viewing the standard Circuit Search abbreviations
will uncover where this occurs. Look for the abbreviations
within square brackets "[]" immediately following the definitions
of abbreviations. When deciding on keywords for searches, bear
this in mind.
When searching for certain keywords, keep in mind the
possible endings on roots of words. For example, OSCILLAT will
find OSCILLATION, OSCILLATOR, OSCILLATING, etc.
If, while using the menu-driven front end, you just want to
browse the records sequentially, fool the system by just entering
E as the keyword. It's a pretty safe bet that most TITLE fields,
for example, contain at least the letter E.
You may notice that device type designations vary (e.g. -
LM741, MC1741, 741, etc. may all refer to a generically similar
device), but entries in the DEVICES [DEV] field are found as the
author referred to such devices.
As this manual neither intends to teach nor be a source of
information concerning dBASE(R), there is little point in delving
into specific examples using dBASE(R) to conduct searches on this
database.
You are encouraged to experiment and, if ambitious enough,
you may wish to write dBASE(R) command files to build a custom-
ized user-friendly interface for Circuit Search. [However, as
covered in the INTRODUCTION, do not distribute such customized
front ends.]
Some More Things to Watch for
Spelling Variants
Circuit Search does not standardize on either the American
or British spelling conventions.
For example, the American ANALYZER may become ANALYSER in
Britain. To take this into account you might just wish to use
the string ANALY, although this will of course allow for more
words like ANALYTICAL and ANALYST to be located as well.
Another common variant is the British "or" ending in place
of the American "er" ending, and "re" endings in place of "er"
endings. When searching, reckon with such potential variants
accordingly.
Abbreviations within Abbreviations
When viewing the Circuit Search abbreviations, you will
note that the definitions for certain abbreviations contain terms
which themselves have standard Circuit Search abbreviations.
For example, "OTA." always replaces "operational
transconductance amplifier" and "OA." always replaces "op amp" or
"operational amplifier", although each of these contains the word
"amp" or "amplifier", which otherwise would be replaced by
"AMP.". Be wary of such items when searching (you may need to
conduct more than one search using the menu-driven front end).
If using dBASE(R), it may be necessary to include more terms in
conjunction with the dBASE(R) OR operator.
Another somewhat different, yet similar example is the set
of standard Circuit Search abbreviations "EEPROM.", "EPROM.",
"PROM." and "ROM." Note that each abbreviation is a substring of
the preceding abbreviations. That is, for example, a search
involving "ROM." would effect a search for the 3 preceding
abbreviations, but a search for "EPROM." would only search for
"EPROM." and "EEPROM.".
On the other hand, an opposite condition is also sometimes
encountered. For example, searching for the string "OS." (Cir-
cuit Search abbreviation for "operating system"), all references
to "OS." and "DOS." (Circuit Search abbreviation for "disk oper-
ating system") would be found, but so would all references to
"MOS." (for "metal oxide semiconductor"), as well as "CMOS." and
"DMOS.". While there aren't many of these anomalies, you should
take them into consideration when developing a search strategy.
Another variant on this theme is the case of "MOSFET.".
Note that you won't necesarily find any references to "MOSFET."
if you use the abbreviation "MOS." in your search strategy,
although, in meaning at least, it is a subset of "MOSFET.".
Again, these types of anomalies can be found listed in the
abbreviation file. Another such example is "GAASFET.", "GAAS."
and "FET.". In this case, however, it would be easier to search
for all "GAAS" (without the period) substrings than in the case
of "MOS" substrings, for the simple reason that virtually nothing
else exists spelled with "GAAS" within it, whereas "MOS" (without
the period) would be contained in many types of unrelated words
(for example, "MOST", "MOSS" and "MOSQUE" to name a few).
Fortunately there aren't many "problems" of this type.
Other Peculiarities concerning Abbreviations
While Circuit Search allows certain standard suffixes for
some standard abbreviations (for example, "MUX." denotes
"multiplex", "multiplexer" or "multiplexor") as found in the
abbreviation file, it should be pointed out that sometimes the
abbreviation may appear with prefixes or suffixes added to it.
For example, "demultiplexer" would appear as "DEMUX.", "multi-
plexers" (plural) would appear as "MUX.S", and "demultiplexers"
would appear as "DEMUX.S" (with both a prefix and a suffix to the
standard Circuit Search abbreviation). In most cases you
shouldn't find this to be a major concern in your search strate-
gy, as long as you understand what comes up on your screen.
Keep in mind also that certain words or character strings
may appear within the definitions of abbreviations. For example,
let's say you were searching for the string "INTERFAC" (this
would find you "INTERFACE" as well as other related terms such as
"INTERFACING" and "INTERFACIAL" where the "E" is dropped).
However, it would probably not find many references to "GPIB.",
(the standard Circuit Search abbreviation for "General Purpose
Interface Bus") which contains "interface" (unless the literal
title just happened to also have it in its unabbreviated form.
In any case, "GPIB." would appear within square brackets at the
end of the TITLE field. Again, become familiar with the standard
Circuit Search abbreviations, to be able to work around this type
of situation.
Ambiguous Character Strings
If you were to search for the chracter string "INTERF", you
would come up with terms as far apart in meaning as
"INTERFERENCE" and "INTERFACE". Unless this is your intent, keep
such potential ambiguities in mind.
Plurals, Suffixes and Conjugation
When you search for character strings parts of which may
change based on pluralization, conjugation or addition of a
suffix, it is often best to use a root portion of such words or
character strings. For example, since "INTEGRATION",
"INTEGRATOR", "INTEGRATING" and "INTEGRATE" all contain
"INTEGRAT", this may be the most useful string to search for. In
the case of a plural like "BERRIES", the "BERR" string is common
to both the singular "BERRY" and the plural. Therefore, it may
be the best string to search for. Keep in mind, though, that
searches on very simple roots of words will sometimes find many
totally unrelated items.
Device Types
When you search in the DEVICES [DEV] field for device types,
you may run into some interesting things.
Circuit Search cites device types as given by the author.
(Exceptions are that spaces are ignored and "/" in the article is
replaced by a "-", to avoid confusion with the "/" delimiters
between device types. Also, dashes ("-") within device type
designations are ignored where they occur between an alphabetic
character and a numeric character, to facilitate searches. This
eliminates search problems that might occur if one author, for
example, refers to a device as "LM-741", and another as "LM741".)
This means that on some very common part numbers there may
be some confusion when searching. For example, a search for
"LM741" would certainly not come up with all finds for the gener-
ic "741" op amp (because many references would be "741", "CA741",
"AD741", etc.). On the other hand, a search for just "741" would
find most generic "741" op amps, but would also find all refer-
ences to things like "74121", "74138", "7414", etc., because they
contain the "741" character string. However, most of us would
seldom do a search for references to such a simple part number.
Therefore, you won't likely find this to be a large problem.
The Greek "mu" is always replaced by "U" (e.g. "UA741").
Errors sometimes seem obvious in the DEVICES [DEV] field.
Often these appear as transcribed from the article. In these
cases an "E" appears in the REMARKS [REM1] field. One of the
most prevalent "errors" in articles is the use of an "IN" prefix
for diode type numbers (the normal prefix is "1N").
Numbers
Don't search for "FIVE" or "EIGHTY", but rather for "5" or
"80". "THIRD" is "3RD", "SECOND" is "2ND" (except of course in
the case where "SECOND" refers to the unit of time), etc.
Everything appears numerically in the TITLE, CCT and
EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] fields (even if the literal title
contains "TWENTY", it will appear in the TITLE field as "20"
within square brackets following the literal title).
Units of Measure
Circuit Search concatenates most units of measure with the
number preceding them, and abbreviates the unit of measure. For
example, "5KHZ" replaces "5 Kilohertz", "3.3UH" replaces "3.3
microhenries" (note the Greek "mu" again replaced by "U") and
"100PF" replaces "100 picofarads". Again, even if the literal
title doesn't contain this structure, the square brackets in the
TITLE field, following the literal title will contain this
format.
Other examples of combinations of numbers with units of
measure are:
"10LB" (10 pounds or 10-pound)
"6OZ" (6 ounces or 6-ounce)
"2FT" (2 feet or 2-foot)
"4IN" (4 inches or 4-inch)
"117V" (117 volts or 117-volt)
"10S" (10 seconds or 10-second)
"12A" (12 amp(ere)s or 12-amp(ere))
"20M" (20 meters or 20-meter)
"680US" (680 microseconds or 680-microsecond)
"100W (100 watts or 100-watt)
"3DB" (3 dB or 3 decibels)
"180DEG" (180 degrees or 180-degree) (note that this format
is used wherever the "degree" symbol occurs in
conjunction with a number, whether in reference to
temperature or angle)
"2YR" (2 years or 2-year)
"60HZ" (60 Hertz)
"1000UF" (1000 microFarads or 1000-microFarad)
"12MH" (12 milliHenries or 12-milliHenry)
"1L" (1 litre)
"50OHM" (50 ohms or 50-ohm)
Note that "M" in this usage can refer to the "milli-" or
"Mega-" prefix, due to the upper-case nature of the Circuit
Search database. In most cases the context gives away the true
true meaning.
Searching for numbers and/or units of measure is usually not
of any real value, except possibly if you are searching for very
standard items. Examples might include "144MHZ" or "2M" (as in
amateur radio) and "12V" or "1.5V" (as with standard batteries),
but even with such "standards", the author is likely to throw in
a few curves (like adding a digit to the value).
Compound and Hyphenated Words
Remember that some authors will concatenate some groups of
words. For example, different authors might spell "SINE WAVE" as
"SINE-WAVE" or "SINEWAVE". In these cases it would be wise to
search for occurrences of "SINE" AND "WAVE" (Boolean).
Conjuctions and Articles
The words "THE", "A" and "AN" seldom appear in the CCT and
EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] fields (unless their absence changes the
meaning significantly - e.g. "few" and "a few" can have nearly
opposite meaning). "AND" appears only in reference to the
Boolean operator and logic gate. Otherwise Circuit Search uses
"&" throughout to replace "and".
****************************************************************
CIRCUIT SEARCH SERVICES
FAX/Photocopy Services
Circuit Search is registered with the Copyright Clearance
Center (CCC) to legally provide you with FAX's and photocopies
from many journals. Much of your Circuit Search FAX/photocopy
fee goes towards royalties and other fees relayed to authors
and/or journals by the CCC.
To obtain photocopies of those articles that Circuit Search
may copy (as indicated in the COPIES AVAILABLE [CODE] field,
simply fill out the FAX/PHOTOCOPY REQUEST form provided in the
PRINTME.1ST file (and in this manual), and FAX or mail it to
Circuit Search. Make several printouts or photocopies of this
order form for future use.
Note that registered users of Circuit Search (by way of a
$45 registration fee) are provided this service at a considerably
lower cost, and also are entitled to 3 free photocopies of arti-
cles cited.
Updates/Revisions
On a semi-periodic (usually semi-annual) basis, the Circuit
Search database appears with additional data, as well as any
necessary corrections to earlier data. In addition, you may find
improvements and/or modifications to the front end, with conse-
quent changes in some files.
****************************************************************
OTHER USES/IDEAS FOR THE CIRCUIT SEARCH DATABASE
Because the Circuit Search database comprises such a wealth
of specialized information, it can be put to a number of other
interesting uses, especially if you use it in conjunction with
dBASE(R) III/III+ (or compatible).
Suppose you wish to compile a list of addresses of chemistry
departments (for the purpose of marketing or employment, for
example). A simple search for "CHEMISTRY" in the AFFIL field
will bring you a big list of addresses. You could restrict your
search to California, for example, by Boolean ANDing "PHYSICS"
and "CA ".
Suppose you are keeping a standard stock of parts (devices),
or you simply wish to determine which of several similar devices
it would be wisest to stock or use in production, based on
availability or prevalence of use throughout the electronics
industry. Two simple dBASE(R) command lines such as:
COUNT FOR "2N3904" $ DEV
COUNT FOR "2N2222" $ DEV
will give you a good idea which of the two NPN transistors
is more commonly used (a somewhat trivial example, obviously).
Of course additional field(s) could be used in the count (for
example, the DATE [YYMMDD] field to make the count date-
sensitive). To restrict our count to articles written after
1985, for example, we could issue the command line:
COUNT FOR "2N3904" $ DEV .AND. YYMMDD>859999
A similar application would be to simply find type number(s)
of any particular type of device. Suppose you simply couldn't
remember the type number of any JFET at all when your application
called for one.
Search for "JFET." in the TITLE field and/or CCT field using
the menu-driven front end or in dBASE(R), the simple command:
CHANGE FOR 'JFET.' $ TITLE .OR. 'JFET.' $ CCT
would soon show you records that contained some device
numbers for JFET's in the DEVICES [DEV] field.
Suppose you want to find all articles written by a particu-
lar author. This becomes quite trivial using dBASE(R) with the
Circuit Search database, as opposed to paging through years of
magazines. Perhaps you simply wish to compile a list of articles
containing practical circuits from a particular journal over a
specific time period. This also is a trivial task with dBASE(R).
If you simply wish to locate the address of an electronics
manufacturer or business, or get a contact name within such a
company, there is a good chance it exists in the AFFIL field.
Many educational institutions can also be located in this manner.
Countless other uses can be imagined for the Circuit Search
database. Statistics of various types can be derived from
different fields.
****************************************************************
APPENDIX A
Definitions
"Journal"
A journal, in the context of the Circuit Search database,
refers to a journal or magazine or other periodical or serial
publication appearing on a regular or semi-regular basis. The
terms "journal" and "magazine" are used interchangeably
throughout Circuit Search literature.
"Article"
An article, in the context of the Circuit Search database,
refers to a paper, article or any other piece appearing in a
journal (see above). Articles referenced may, in some cases,
consist of no more a letter, correction note, or other small
column or entry, so long as it contains at least one "circuit" as
defined in the context of the Circuit Search data base (see
below).
Note that any series of articles or multi-part article
appearing in various and/or consecutive issues of a journal,
constitutes one article for each issue in which it appears.
Similarly, each article of this type is evaluated on its own
merits for inclusion in the Circuit Search database.
"Circuit"
A circuit, in the context of the Circuit Search database, is
defined as follows: A schematic diagram shown wholly
galvanically and schematically (graphically) separated from any
other, containing:
EITHER
1) at least 1 identified 2- or more-terminal device with at
least 1 identified passive (resistive, capactive, or inductive)
device (whose value is given or implied) shown connected to it
directly.
OR
2) at least 3 different (referred to by different device
numbers) identified 3- or more terminal- devices, each of which
is schematically drawn with at least 3 signal and/or other lines
directly attached.
Where no passive components appear as in "2)" above, this is
referred to as a "block diagram" with the character string "BBB"
appearing in the CCT field (see descriptions of fields).
"Device"
A device, in the context of the Circuit Search database,
(including discrete, monolithic and hybrid semiconductors, as
well as tube types and non-linear passive components such as
thermistors and photocells) is considered as such (for purposes
of evaluating the qualifying features of a diagram for inclusion
in the Circuit Search database, and for purposes of entry into
the DEVICES [DEV] field) only if such device is schematically
shown with at least 2 lines connected to it directly. A "line"
is either a single line or a bus (where individual bus lines are
not shown).
In the # OF DEVICES [NODEVS] field, only those devices
illustrated with at least 3 galvanic (wire) connections are
counted. Otherwise the NODEVS field might contain a large number
(indicating a more complex circuit) even if the components
contributing to this large number were only many simple LED's on
a bus, for example.
If a device is referred to by more than 3 distinct part
numbers, it is not considered a "device" for purposes of the
Circuit Search database. This sometimes eliminates overly
general circuits from the Circuit Search database.
Note that a device by Circuit Search's definition is
generally monolithic, discrete or hybrid in nature, but may
sometimes include other sealed components, providing these
contain semiconductors and/or other non-linear sections. Simple
two-terminal filament lamps do not qualify as devices, but neon
lamps and some other specialty components (e.g. PMT's
(photomultiplier tubes), xenon flash tubes) in this category do
qualify.
****************************************************************
APPENDIX B
Special Punctuation
Punctuation throughout the Circuit Search database
summarized as it is used in the TITLE, CCT, EXTRA KEYWORDS
[EXTRAKW] and DEVICES [DEV] fields:
"/" (slash)
in TITLE - used as delimiter between abbreviations
and/or other standard nomenclature within square
brackets following the title (as well as verbatim
from actual title)
in CCT - used as delimiter between
descriptions of circuits
in EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] - used as delimiter between
words and/or phrases
in DEVICES [DEV] - used as delimiter between device
types
"&" (ampersand)
in TITLE - used only if verbatim from actual title
in CCT - used instead of "AND" (except in special usage
such as in "AND GATE"
in EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] - used instead of "AND"
(see CCT above)
in DEVICES [DEV] - not used
"\" (backslash)
in TITLE - used to indicate character(s) at a lower
level after the backslash (subscript)
in CCT - used to indicate subscript (see TITLE)
in EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] - used to indicate
subscript (see TITLE)
in DEVICES [DEV] - not used
"^" (chevron)
in TITLE - used to indicate character(s) at a higher
level after the chevron (superscript or exponent)
in CCT - used to indicate superscript (see TITLE)
in EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] - used to indicate
supercript (see TITLE)
in DEVICES [DEV] - not used
"~" (approximately)
in TITLE - not used (unless verbatim from actual title)
in CCT - used to indicate approximately, about, or
other similar terms, in front of numerical term
in EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] - used to indicate
approximately (see CCT)
in DEVICES [DEV] - not used
"=" (equals sign)
in TITLE - used at end of partial title if complete
title exceeds TITLE field length or to allow room
for additional data in square brackets ("[]")
after title (NOTE: this also applies to the AUTHOR
and AFFIL fields)
in CCT - not used, except as transcribed literally
in EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] - not used, except as
transcribed literally
in DEVICES [DEV] - not used
"." (period)
in TITLE - used with Circuit Search abbreviations
within square brackets following title, and as
used in actual title as regular punctuation
in CCT - used with Circuit Search abbreviations, and as
transcribed from article as regular punctuation
in EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] - used with Circuit Search
abbreviations, etc. (see CCT)
in DEVICES [DEV] - used only as transcribed from actual
part numbers as given by author
"-" (dash or minus sign)
in TITLE - used only verbatim as in actual title
in CCT - replaces any real "slash" as used by author,
so as to not confuse delimiters between circuit
descriptions with real "slashes", and used as
transcribed from regular punctuation in article
in EXTRA KEYORDS [EXTRAKW] - replaces any real "slash"
as used by author, so as to not confuse delimiters
between extra key words with real "slashes", and
used as transcribed (see CCT)
in DEVICES [DEV] - replaces any real "slash" as used in
part number by author, so as to not confuse "/"
delimiters with punctuation within part numbers;
also as given by author within device type
designations (but only when it occurs between
consecutive alphabetic characters or consecutive
numeric characters; otherwise the dash is omitted
- e.g. "LM-741" as given by author becomes
"LM741", but "5082-7300" remains as "5082-7300")
"<" (less than)
in TITLE - not normally used, unless transcribed from
actual title
in CCT - replaces statements such as "less than",
"fewer than", "smaller than" and the like, when
such usage precedes a number
in EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] - replaces "less than",
etc. (see CCT)
in DEVICES [DEV] - not used
">" (greater than)
in TITLE - not normally used, unless transcribed from
actual title
in CCT - replaces statements such as "greater than",
"more than", "larger than" and the like, when such
usage precedes a number
in EXTRA KEYORDS [EXTRAKW] - replaces "greater than",
etc. (see CCT)
in DEVICES [DEV] - not used
"#" (number)
in TITLE - not normally used, unless transcribed from
actual title
in CCT - used in conjunction with a journal/date
reference when TITLE field contains "LLL", if
journal issue number is referred to instead of
month and/or day of issue. For example
"AUAM8803#" would refer the 3rd issue number of
"Audio Amateur" of 1988.
in EXTRA KEYWORDS [EXTRAKW] - not normally used, except
as transcribed
in DEVICES [DEV] - not normally used
****************************************************************
APPENDIX C
Journals and Journal Abbreviations (for MAG field)
This list contains the Circuit Search abbreviations and titles of
journals referred to in the Circuit Search database. This does
not necessarily imply that every journal listed has been
referenced thoroughly over any particular period of time.
68MI 68 MICRO JOURNAL
73AM 73 AMATEUR RADIO (BECAME 73 AMATEUR RADIO TODAY [7ART] DEC.
1990)
7ART 73 AMATEUR RADIO TODAY (WAS 73 AMATEUR RADIO [73AM] BEFORE
DEC. 1990)
80M1 80 MICROCOMPUTER (BECAME 80 MICRO [80M2] AFTER 1982)
80M2 80 MICRO (WAS 80 MICROCOMPUTER [80M1] BEFORE 1983)
AGEN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
AGME AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY (BECAME AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST
METEOROLOGY [M182] 1984)
AJP AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
AMJO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
ANCH ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
ANIN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION (WAS CHEMICAL
INSTRUMENTATION [CHIN] TO 1978, THEN CHEMICAL,
BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTATION [CHBI]
TO 1982)
APSP APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
AUAM AUDIO AMATEUR
AUDI AUDIO
AUEL AUSTRALIAN ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BEBR BENCH BRIEFS
BIIN BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION & TECHNOLOGY (WAS MEDICAL
INSTRUMENTATION [MEIN] UNTIL 1988)
BIJO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
BUPR BULLETIN OF PROSTHETICS RESEARCH (BECAME JOURNAL OF
REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT [RERE] 1983)
BYTE BYTE
CAL CAL (COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN THE LABORATORY) (BECAME
INTELLIGENT INSTRUMENTS AND COMPUTERS [INCO] 1985)
CE COMPUTERS & EDUCATION
CEA COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
CEE CANADIAN ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (MERGED WITH CANADIAN
ELECTRONICS** 1990)
CEEJ CANADIAN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (BECAME CANADIAN
JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING** 1988)
CHBI CHEMICAL, BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTATION
(WAS CHEMICAL INSTRUMENTATION [CHIN] TO 1978; BECAME
ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION [ANIN] 1983)
CHIN CHEMICAL INSTRUMENTATION (BECAME CHEMICAL, BIOMEDICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTATION [CHBI] 1979, THEN
ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION [ANIN] 1983)
CICE CIRCUIT CELLAR INK
CIDE IEE PROCEEDINGS - G CIRCUITS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS (WAS
IEE PROCEEDINGS G - ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
[ELCI] BEFORE 1989)
CLCH CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
CLEN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENGINEERING
COCH COMPUTERS & CHEMISTRY
COCR COMPUTERCRAFT (WAS MODERN ELECTRONICS [MOEL] BEFORE 9104)
CODE COMPUTER DESIGN
CODI COMPUTERDIGEST
COED COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION
COEL COMPUTERS & ELECTRONICS (WAS POPULAR ELECTRONICS [POEL] TO
8302/CEASED PUBLICATION 1985)
CONO COMPUTING NOW!
COPR COMPUTERS AND PROGRAMMING/SCIENCE & ELECTRONICS
COSY COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CQ CQ
CTM CTM
DIDE DIGITAL DESIGN (BECAME ESD [ESD ] AFTER 1986)
EDN EDN
EEU ELEKTOR ELECTRONICS USA
ELAU ELECTRONICS AUSTRALIA
ELCH JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND INTERFACIAL
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
ELCI IEE PROCEEDINGS - G ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(BECAME IEEE PROCEEDINGS - G CIRCUITS, DEVICES AND
SYSTEMS [CIDE] AFTER 1988)
ELDE ELECTRONIC DESIGN
ELDI ELECTRONICS DIGEST
ELEC ELECTRONICS
ELEL ELEMENTARY ELECTRONICS
ELEN ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
ELHA ELECTRONICS HANDBOOK
ELLE ELECTRONICS LETTERS
ELMA ELECTRIC MACHINES AND POWER SYSTEMS (WAS ELECTRIC MACHINES
AND ELECTROMECHANICS** TO 1982)
ELMU ELECTRONIC MUSICIAN
ELNO ELECTRONICS NOW (WAS RADIO-ELECTRONICS [RAEL] BEFORE JULY
1992)
ELPR ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS MAGAZINE
ELSC ELECTROCOMPONENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ELSE ELECTRONIC SERVICING & TECHNOLOGY
ELTE ELECTRONICS TEST (MERGED WITH TEST & MEASUREMENT WORLD**
PUBLICATION 9007)
ELTO ELECTRONICS TODAY (WAS ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL
[ETI ] TO 1984; BECAME ELECTRONICS & TECHNOLOGY TODAY
[ETT ] 1987)
ELWI ELECTRONICS & WIRELESS WORLD (WAS WIRELESS WORLD [WW ] TO
1983;BECAME ELECTRONICS WORLD + WIRELESS WORLD [EWWW]
AFTER 8909)
EPD ELECTRONIC PRODUCT DESIGN
ESD ESD: THE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DESIGN MAGAZINE (WAS DIGITAL
DESIGN [DIDE] BEFORE 1987)
ETI ELECTRONICS TODAY INTERNATIONAL (BECAME ELECTRONICS
TODAY [ELTO] 1984, THEN ELECTRONICS & TECHNOLOGY
TODAY [ETT ] 1987)
ETT ELECTRONICS & TECHNOLOGY TODAY (WAS ELECTRONICS TODAY
[ELTO] BEFORE 8709, THEN ELECTRONICS TODAY
INTERNATIONAL [ETI ] BEFORE 8406)
EUJO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
EUMI EUROMICRO JOURNAL (BECAME MICROPROCESSING AND
MICROPROGRAMMING [M141] 1983)
EVEL EVERYDAY ELECTRONICS
EWWW ELECTRONICS WORLD + WIRELESS WORLD (WAS ELECTRONICS &
WIRELESS WORLD [ELWI] BEFORE 8910, THEN WIRELESS
WORLD [WW ] BEFORE 1983)
FAJO FAIRCHILD JOURNAL OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROGRESS, THE
GLAU GLASS AUDIO
HAEL HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS (BECAME POPULAR ELECTRONICS [PE ]
8902)
HARA HAM RADIO MAGAZINE (MERGED WITH CQ [CQ ] 1990)
HRH HAM RADIO HORIZONS
IDTC IEEE DESIGN & TEST OF COMPUTERS
IEEA IEE PROCEEDINGS - A PHYSICAL SCIENCE - MEASUREMENT AND
INSTRUMENTATION - MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION - REVIEWS
IEEB IEE PROCEEDINGS - B ELECTRIC POWER APPLICATIONS
IEEE IEE PROCEEDINGS - E COMPUTERS AND DIGITAL TECHNIQUES
IEEP IEE PROCEEDING (LAST YEAR OF PUBLICATION 1979; SPLIT INTO
SEVERAL INDIVIDUAL PROCEEDINGS)
IJEE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION
IJMS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ION
PROCESSES
IJPA INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED PHYSICS
IJSS IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
INAG INTERFACE AGE
INCI INCIDER
INCO INTELLIGENT INSTRUMENTS AND COMPUTERS (WAS CAL (COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS IN THE LABORATORY) [CAL ] BEFORE 1985)
INJO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS
ITAE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO AND ELECTROACOUSTICS
ITAS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH, AND SIGNAL
PROCESSING (BECAME IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL
PROCESSING** 1991)
ITBE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
ITBR IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING
ITC1 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I:FUNDAMENTAL
THEORY AND APPLICATIONS (WAS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS [ITCS] BEFORE 1992)
ITC2 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II:ANALOG AND
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (WAS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS [ITCS] BEFORE 1992)
ITCE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS
ITCS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (BECAME IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I:FUNDAMENTAL
THEORY AND APPLICATIONS [ITC1] AND IEEE TRANSACTIONS
ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II: ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING [ITC2] 1992)
ITED IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EDUCATION
ITIA IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
ITIE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
ITIM IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT
ITMA IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS
ITNS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
ITPD IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY (WAS IEEE TRANSACTIONS
ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS [M154] BEFORE 1986)
ITPE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
ITPS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE
JAJO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS (SPLIT INTO JAPANESE
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1 [JJAP] AND JAPANESE
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2 [M187] 1982)
JEMT JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUE
JEPT JOURNAL OF ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
JJAP JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1 (EMERGED FROM
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS [JAJO] 1982)
JMET JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
JOAU JOURNAL OF THE AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY
JOCH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
JOCO JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TEACHING
JOEX JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
JOMA JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE
JONE JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
JOPH JOURNAL OF PHYSICS E: SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (BECAME
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY [MESC] 1990)
KIMI KILOBAUD MICROCOMPUTING
LAMI LABORATORY MICROCOMPUTER
LAPR LABORATORY PRACTICE
M001 ELEKTRONIK
M002 ELEKTOR ELECTRONICS
M003 TRANSACTOR, THE
M004 IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY MAGAZINE
M005 KEYBOARD
M006 JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS
M007 DB, THE SOUND ENGINEERING MAGAZINE
M008 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS & APPLICATIONS
M009 COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
M010 ELECTRONICS PRODUCT NEWS
M011 COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE
M012 JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, THE
M013 AMERICAN LABORATORY
M014 MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL
M015 NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH (B)
(WAS NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS
RESEARCH [NIM ] BEFORE 1984, THEN NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS
AND METHODS [NUIN] BEFORE 8106)
M016 APPLIED OPTICS
M017 APPLIED PHYSICS B "PHOTOPHYSICS AND LASER CHEMISTRY"
M018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFRARED AND MILLIMETER WAVES
M019 INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS (A)
M020 CRYOGENICS
M021 WIND POWER DIGEST
M022 PRACTICAL WIRELESS
M023 SHORT WAVE MAGAZINE
M024 MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS
M025 IEEE SPECTRUM
M026 ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
M027 PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
M028 JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B
M029 JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
M030 PHYSICS IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY
M031 ST NEWS
M032 ANALOG COMPUTING
M033 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
M034 COMMODORE MAGAZINE
M035 JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING,
AUSTRALIA
M036 EMC TECHNOLOGY & INTERFERENCE CONTROL NEWS (BECAME EMC
TECHNOLOGY [M130] 1989)
M037 BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS
M038 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
M039 I&CS
M040 ISA TRANSACTIONS
M041 ELECTRONICS & MUSIC MAKER
M042 ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL
M043 RAINBOW, THE
M044 ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
M045 POWERTECHNICS
M046 PCIM (POWER CONVERSION & INTELLIGENT MOTION)
M047 COMPUTERS IN PHYSICS
M048 KIT BUILDERS JOURNAL
M049 MODEL RAILROADER
M050 QRP QUARTERLY
M051 AMATEUR RADIO
M052 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
M053 JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, THE
M054 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
M055 ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE
M056 POPULAR COMMUNICATIONS
M057 PHYSICS INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCE ASSOCIATION NEWSLETTER, THE
M058 INTERFACE
M059 IEE PROCEEDINGS - D CONTROL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
M060 SIEMENS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT REPORTS
M061 LASER FOCUS MAGAZINE
M062 AUDIO CANADA
M063 IEEE CIRCUITS AND DEVICES MAGAZINE
M064 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
M065 JOURNAL OF DESIGN AUTOMATION & FAULT-TOLERANT COMPUTING
M066 BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY, THE
M067 BIOELECTROMAGNETICS
M068 MICROWAVE SYSTEMS NEWS (& COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY)
M069 QST CANADA
M070 ELECTRO TECHNOLOGY
M071 RCA REVIEW
M072 RADIO CONTROL MODEL CARS
M073 SIGSMALL/PC NOTES
M074 SIEMENS COMPONENTS
M075 JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAPHY (or JOURNAL OF THE
BIOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION)
M076 IEEE MICRO
M077 MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATION
M078 TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (TRAC)
M079 ANALOG DIALOGUE
M080 JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
M081 IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
M082 PHYS 13 NEWS
M083 STRAIN
M084 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
M085 POWERCONVERSION INTERNATIONAL
M086 AMSTRAD PCW MAGAZINE
M087 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
M088 VLSI SYSTEMS DESIGN (BECAME HIGH PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS
[M120] 1989)
M089 COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING JOURNAL
M090 BIO-MEDICAL ENGINEERING
M091 JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS
M092 RADIO CONTROL MODELS & ELECTRONICS
M093 TECHNICAL PHOTOGRAPHY
M094 AUDIO BASICS
M095 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
M096 IEE PROCEEDINGS - I SOLID-STATE AND ELECTRON DEVICES
M097 IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
M098 NORTHERN OBSERVER, THE
M099 WESTERN UPDATE
M100 LOWDOWN, THE
M101 SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL
M102 PROGRESSIVE FISH-CULTURIST, THE
M103 AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING
M104 MEDICAL PHYSICS
M105 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN THE BIOSCIENCES
M106 JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
M107 BROADCAST ENGINEERING
M108 MICROWAVES (BECAME MICROWAVES & RF [MIRF] 1982)
M109 MICROWAVE JOURNAL
M110 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS
M111 CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
M112 AGRONOMY JOURNAL
M113 MONITORING TIMES
M114 BCRA CAVE RADIO & ELECTRONICS GROUP NEWSLETTER
M115 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL
M116 TELEVISION
M117 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE
M118 HEALTH PHYSICS
M119 ELECTRONICS TODAY
M120 HIGH PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS (WAS VLSI SYSTEMS DESIGN [M088]
BEFORE 1989)
M121 INTERFACES IN COMPUTING (CEASED PUBLICATION 1985)
M122 JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION
M123 MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS INCORPORATING
NONLINEAR OPTICS
M124 SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
M125 AMATEUR TELEVISION QUARTERLY
M126 CQ-TV MAGAZINE
M127 SENSORS AND ACTUATORS
M128 SOLAR ENERGY
M129 PRAMANA - JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
M130 EMC TECHNOLOGY (WAS EMC TECHNOLOGY & INTERFERENCE CONTROL
NEWS [M036] BEFORE 1990)
M131 COMPUTER STANDARDS & INTERFACES
M132 JOURNAL OF ELECTROSTATICS
M133 GEOBYTE (CEASED PUBLICATION 9212)
M134 CRYOBIOLOGY
M135 DX ONTARIO
M136 BIOMEDICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY (BECAME BIOMEDICAL &
ENVIRONMENTAL SPECTROMETRY** 1986)
M137 SPEAKER BUILDER
M138 SENSOR REVIEW
M139 SENSORS AND MATERIALS
M140 SPECTROSCOPY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
M141 MICROPROCESSING AND MICROPROGRAMMING (WAS EUROMICRO
JOURNAL [EUMI] BEFORE 1983)
M142 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND
FREQUENCY CONTROL (WAS IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SONICS AND
ULTRASONICS** TO 1985)
M143 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE ELECTRONICS (BECAME IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING [M155]
1980)
M144 INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY (BECAME INTECH** 1979)
M145 SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
M146 NONLINEARITY
M147 ULTRA HIGH FIDELITY MAGAZINE
M148 OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS
M149 SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B: ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
M150 JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH
M151 SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA REVIEWS
M152 JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
M153 JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING
M154 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER APPARATUS AND SYSTEMS (BECAME
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY [ITPD] 1986)
M155 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING (WAS
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE ELECTRONICS [M143]
TO 1979)
M156 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SPECTROSCOPY
M157 IEE PROCEEDINGS - C GENERATION, TRANSMISSION AND
DISTRIBUTION
M158 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL INSULATION
M159 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY FUNDAMENTALS (BECAME
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH** 1987)
M160 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL
AND EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY (BECAME JOURNAL OF APPLIED
PHYSIOLOGY [M161] 1985)
M161 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY (WAS JOURNAL OF APPLIED
PHYSIOLOGY: RESPIRATORY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXERCISE
PHYSIOLOGY [M160] TO 1984)
M162 IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING
M163 ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
M164 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
M165 INFRARED PHYSICS
M166 ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
M167 CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
M168 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS AND MEDICAL NMR (WAS
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS** BEFORE 1983)
M169 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTERS
M170 JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
M171 MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES
M172 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
M173 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D - APPLIED PHYSICS
M174 JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER & ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY (WAS
THE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER** BEFORE 1985)
M175 EP&T (ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS & TECHNOLOGY)
M176 HI-FI NEWS & RECORD REVIEW
M177 EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY
M178 SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
M179 PRACTICAL ELECTRONICS
M180 TELESCOPE MAKING
M181 MODEL ENGINEER
M182 AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY (WAS AGRICULTURAL
METEOROLOGY [AGME] BEFORE 1984)
M183 CYTOMETRY
M184 PHYSICA D
M186 AMAZING COMPUTING
M187 JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 2 (EMERGED FROM
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS [JAJO] 1982)
M189 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
M190 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS
M191 PHYSICS LETTERS A
M192 ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
MADE MACHINE DESIGN
MBE MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING (BECAME MEDICAL &
BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING [MEBI] 1977)
MCJ MICRO CONTROL JOURNAL
MEBI MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING (WAS MEDICAL
& BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING [MBE ] TO 1976)
MECO MEASUREMENTS & CONTROL (WAS MEASUREMENTS & DATA** TO 1976)
MEIN MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION (BECAME BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
& TECHNOLOGY [BIIN] 1989)
MESC MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (WAS JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
E: SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS [JOPH] TO 1989)
MIAP JOURNAL OF MICROCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS
MICO MICROCOMPUTING
MICR MICRO
MIMI MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS (WAS MICROPROCESSORS
[MIPR] BEFORE 1978)
MIPR MICROPROCESSORS (BECAME MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROSYSTEMS
[MIMI] 1978)
MIRF MICROWAVES & RF (WAS MICROWAVES [M108] BEFORE 1983)
MISY MICROSYSTEMS
MOEL MODERN ELECTRONICS (BECAME COMPUTERCRAFT [COCR] 9104)
NATE NASA TECH BRIEFS
NIM NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH (WAS
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS [NUIN] TO 8105; SPLIT
INTO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS
(A) [NIMA] AND NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN
PHYSICS (B) [M015] 1984)
NIMA NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH (SECTION
A) (WAS NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS
RESEARCH [NIM ] BEFORE 1984, THEN NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS
AND METHODS [NUIN] BEFORE 8106)
NUIN NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS (BECAME NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS
& METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH [NIM ] 8106, WHICH SPLIT
INTO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS
(A) [NIMA] AND NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN
PHYSICS (B) [M015] 1984)
OPLA OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
PCTE PC TECH JOURNAL
PCW PERSONAL COMPUTER WORLD
PE POPULAR ELECTRONICS (WAS HANDS-ON ELECTRONICS [HAEL] TO
8901)
PHED PHYSICS EDUCATION
PHTE PHYSICS TEACHER
POEL POPULAR ELECTRONICS (BECAME COMPUTERS & ELECTRONICS [COEL]
8304)
PREV PREVIEW
PRIR PROCEEDINGS OF THE IREE AUSTRALIA
QEX QEX
QST QST
RAEL RADIO-ELECTRONICS (BECAME ELECTRONICS NOW [ELNO] JULY 1992)
RAFU RADIO FUN
RCM R/C MODELER MAGAZINE
REE RADIO AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEER, THE (WAS JOURNAL OF THE
INSTITUTION OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS** TO 1975)
REEP RECORDING ENGINEER/PRODUCER
RERE JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (WAS
BULLETIN OF PROSTHETICS RESEARCH [BUPR] BEFORE 1983)
RESC REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
REW RADIO & ELECTRONICS WORLD
RFDE RF DESIGN
SCEL SCIENCE & ELECTRONICS/COMPUTERS & PROGRAMMING
SCPR SCIENCE PROBE!
SICH SILICON CHIP
SKTE SKY & TELESCOPE
SOLU SOLUTIONS
SOMA SOMA: ENGINEERING FOR THE HUMAN BODY
SOSE SOFT SECTOR
SPCO SPEC-COM JOURNAL, THE
STV STV
TALA TALANTA
TCA CANADIAN AMATEUR, THE
TOEL TOSHIBA ELECTRON DEVICE NEWS
TRAS TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE
TRIN TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL
ULTR ULTRASONICS
VIRE VISION RESEARCH
VUD VHF-UHF DIGEST
WEAT WEATHERWISE
WORL WORLDRADIO
WW WIRELESS WORLD (BECAME ELECTRONICS & WIRELESS WORLD [ELWI]
1983, THEN ELECTRONICS WORLD + WIRELESS WORLD [EWWW]
AFTER 8909)
** Indicates a reference to a journal that is not covered by the
Circuit Search database, normally because its contents do not
qualify.
****************************************************************
APPENDIX D
Standard Circuit Search Abbreviations
AAS. ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY (SPECTROMETER)
AC. ALTERNATING CURRENT
ACIA. ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION(S) INTERFACE ADAPTER (ADAPTOR)
ADC. ANALOG (ANALOGUE) TO DIGITAL CONVERTER (CONVERTOR)
(CONVERSION)
ADM. ADAPTIVE DELTA MODULATION (-ED, -OR) [DM.]
ADPCM. ADAPTIVE DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION (-ED, -OR)
[PCM.]
AES. AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
AF. AUDIO FREQUENCY
AFC. AUTOMATIC FREQUENCY CONTROL
AGC. AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL
ALU. ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT
AM. AMPLITUDE MODULATION (-ED, -OR)
AMP. AMP, AMPLIFIER
ANSI. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE
APD. AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE
ASCII. AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE
ASIC. APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT [IC, CCT]
ASK. AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING (KEYED, KEYER)
ATE. AUTOMATIC TEST EQUIPMENT
BC. BROADCAST
BCD. BINARY CODED DECIMAL
BFO. BEAT FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR
BIMOS. BIPOLAR METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR [MOS.]
BIOS. BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM [IO.]
BJT. BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR
BW. BANDWIDTH
CAD. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
CAE. COMPUTER AIDED ENGINEERING
CATV. COMMUNITY ANTENNA (CABLE) TELEVISION [TV.]
CB. CITIZENS BAND
CCD. CHARGE COUPLED DEVICE
CCITT. INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH CONSULTATIVE
COMMITTEE
CD. COMPACT DISC (DISK)
CERN. CONSEIL EUROPEEN POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLEAIRE
CFD. CONSTANT FRACTION DISCRIMINATOR
CMOS. COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR [MOS.]
CMR. COMMON MODE REJECTION
CMRR. COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO [CMR.]
CPU. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
CRO. CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE
CRT. CATHODE RAY TUBE
CS. CHIP SELECT
CVSDM. CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE SLOPE DELTA MODULATION (-ED, -OR)
[DM.]
CW. CONTINUOUS WAVE
DAC. DIGITAL TO ANALOG (ANALOGUE) CONVERTER (CONVERSION)
DAS. DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM
DBM. DOUBLE BALANCED MIXER
DC. DIRECT CURRENT
DIP. DUAL IN LINE PACKAGE
DLTS. DEEP LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY
DM. DELTA MODULATION (-ED, -OR)
DMA. DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS
DMM. DIGITAL MULTIMETER
DMOS. DOUBLE DIFFUSED METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR [MOS.]
DOS. DISK (DISC) OPERATING SYSTEM [OS.]
DPDT. DOUBLE POLE DOUBLE THROW
DPM. DIGITAL PANEL METER
DRAM. DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY [RAM.]
DSP. DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR (-ING)
DTL. DIODE TRANSISTOR LOGIC
DTMF. DUAL TONE MULTI FREQUENCY (MULTIFREQUENCY) (MULTIPLE
FREQUENCY
DUT. DEVICE UNDER TEST
DVM. DIGITAL VOLTMETER
EAROM. ELECTRICALLY ALTERABLE READ ONLY MEMORY [ROM.]
EBIC. ELECTRON BEAM INDUCED CURRENT
ECG. ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH (-Y, -GRAM)
ECL. EMITTER COUPLED LOGIC
EEG. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPH (-Y, -GRAM)
EEPROM. ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY
[ROM., PROM., EPROM.]
EHT. EXTRA HIGH TENSION [HT.]
EIA. ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION
EM. ELECTROMAGNETIC
EMF. ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE
EMG. ELECTROMYOGRAPH (-Y, -GRAM)
EMI. ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE [EM.]
EMP. ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE [EM.]
EOC. END OF CONVERSION
EPR. ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE
EPROM. ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY [PROM., ROM.]
ESD. ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE
ESR. EQUIVALENT (EFFECTIVE) SERIES RESISTANCE
FET. FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR
FF. FLIP FLOP (FLIPFLOP)
FFT. FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM [FT.]
FIFO. FIRST IN FIRST OUT [1ST]
FIR. FINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE
FM. FREQUENCY MODULATION (-ED, -OR)
FSD. FULL SCALE DEFLECTION
FSK. FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING (-ED, -ER)
FT. FOURIER TRANSFORMER
FWHM. FULL WIDTH AT HALF MAXIMUM
GAAS. GALLIUM ARSENIDE
GAASFET.GALLIUM ARSENIDE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR [GAAS., FET.]
GC. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY (CHROMATOGRAPH)
GPIB. GENERAL PURPOSE INTERFACE BUS
GTO. GATE TURN OFF
HDLC. HIGH LEVEL DATA LINK CONTROLLER
HF. HIGH FREQUENCY
HMOS. HIGH PERFORMANCE METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR [MOS.]
HPLC. HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
HT. HIGH TENSION
HV. HIGH VOLTAGE
IA. INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER [AMP.]
ICE. IN CIRCUIT EMULATOR (EMULATION) [CCT]
ICP. INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA
ICR. ION CYCLOTRON RESONANCE
IF. INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY
IGBT. INSULATED GATE BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR
IIR. INFINITE IMPULSE RESPONSE
IMD. INTERMODULATION DISTORTION
IO. INPUT OUTPUT
IR. INFRARED
IRED. INFRARED EMITTING DIODE [IR.]
ISDN. INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK
ISI. INTERSYMBOL INTERFERENCE
JFET. JUNCTION FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR [FET.]
LAN. LOCAL AREA NETWORK
LC. INDUCTANCE CAPACITANCE (INDUCTOR CAPACITOR)
LCD. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
LDR. LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR
LED. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
LF. LOW FREQUENCY
LNA. LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER [AMP.]
LO. LOCAL OSCILLATOR
LPF. LOW PASS (LOWPASS) FILTER
LSB. LEAST SIGNIFICANT BIT
LSI. LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION
LV. LOW VOLTAGE
LVDT. LINEAR VARIABLE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMER
MCA. MULTICHANNEL ANALYZER (ANALYSER) (ANALYSIS)
MCP. MICROCHANNEL PLATE
MDAC. MULTIPLYING DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER [DAC.]
MIC. MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT [IC, CCT]
MIDI. MUSICAL INSTRUMENT DIGITAL INTERFACE
MMIC. MONOLITHIC MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT [MIC., IC, CCT]
MOD. MODIFICATION (MODIFIED) (MOD)
MOS. METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR
MOSFET. METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR
[MOS., FET.]
MOV. METAL OXIDE VARISTOR
MPU. MICROPROCESSOR UNIT [UP.]
MS. MASS SPECTROMETRY (SPECTROMETER)
MSB. MOST SIGNIFICANT BIT
MSI. MEDIUM SCALE INTEGRATION
MTBF. MEAN TIME BETWEEN FAILURE(S)
MUX. MULTIPLEX (-ER, -OR)
MWPC. MULTIWIRE PROPORTIONAL CHAMBER
NBS. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
NC. NORMALLY CLOSED
NEP. NOISE EQUIVALENT POWER
NF. NOISE FIGURE
NIC. NEGATIVE IMPEDANCE CONVERTER (CONVERSION)
NICD. NICKEL CADMIUM (NICAD)
NIR. NEAR INFRARED [IR.]
NMI. NONMASKABLE INTERRUPT
NMR. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
NO. NORMALLY OPEN
NOVRAM. NONVOLATILE RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY [RAM.]
NQR. NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE
NRZ. NONRETURN (NON RETURN) TO ZERO
NTC. NEGATIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT [TC.]
NTSC. NATIONAL TELEVISION STANDARDS COMMITTEE [TV.]
OA. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER (OP AMP) [AMP.]
OS. OPERATING SYSTEM
OTA. OPERATIONAL TRANSCONDUCTANCE AMPLIFIER [AMP.]
PABX. PRIVATE AUTOMATIC BRANCH EXCHANGE
PAL. PROGRAMMABLE ARRAY LOGIC
PBX. PRIVATE BRANCH EXCHANGE
PC. PERSONAL COMPUTER
PCB. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD [CCT]
PCM. PULSE CODE MODULATION (-ED, -OR)
PF. POWER FACTOR
PFM. PULSE FREQUENCY MODULATION (-ED, -OR) [FM.]
PHA. PULSE HEIGHT ANALYZER (ANALYSER) (ANALYSIS)
PIA. PERIPHERAL INTERFACE ADAPTER (ADAPTOR)
PIC. PROGRAMMABLE INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
PID. PROPORTIONAL INTEGRAL DERIVATIVE
PIT. PROGRAMMABLE INTERVAL TIMER (PARALLEL INTERFACE TIMER)
PLA. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC ARRAY
PLD. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICE
PLL. PHASE LOCKED (LOCK) LOOP
PM. PULSE MODULATION (-ED, -OR)
PMT. PHOTOMULTIPLIER (PM) TUBE
PPI. PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL INTERFACE
PPM. PULSE POSITION MODULATION (-ED, -OR)
PROM. PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY [ROM.]
PS. POWER SUPPLY
PSD. PHASE SENSITIVE DETECTOR (DETECTION)
PSK. PHASE SHIFT KEYING (-ED, -ER)
PTC. POSITIVE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT [TC.]
PTFE. POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE
PTT. PUSH TO TALK
PWM. PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (-ED, -OR)
PZT. PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER (TRANSLATOR)
RAM. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY
RC. RESISTANCE CAPACITANCE (RESISTOR CAPACITOR)
RF. RADIO FREQUENCY
RFI. RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE [RF.]
RGB. RED GREEN BLUE
RH. RELATIVE HUMIDITY
RISC. REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTER
RLC. RESISTANCE INDUCTANCE CAPACITANCE (RESISTOR INDUCTOR
CAPACITOR) [LC.]
RMS. ROOT MEAN SQUARE
ROM. READ ONLY MEMORY
RPM. REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE
RTC. REAL TIME CLOCK
RTD. RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR
RTL. RESISTOR TRANSISTOR LOGIC
RTTY. RADIO TELETYPE (RADIOTELETYPE)
SAR. SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION REGISTER
SAW. SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE
SBC. SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER
SCA. SINGLE CHANNEL ANALYZER (ANALYSER) (ANALYSIS)
SCR. SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER
SCSI. SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEM INTERFACE
SEM. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (MICROSCOPE)
SH. SAMPLE (AND) HOLD
SLIC. SUBSCRIBER LINE INTERFACE CIRCUIT [CCT]
SMD. SURFACE MOUNTED DEVICE
SMPS. SWITCH (SWITCHED) MODE POWER SUPPLY [PS.]
SMT. SURFACE MOUNT TECHNOLOGY
SNR. SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO (S N RATIO)
SOA. SAFE OPERATING AREA
SPDT. SINGLE POLE DOUBLE THROW
SPST. SINGLE POLE SINGLE THROW
SQUID. SUPERCONDUCTING QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICE
SRAM. STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY [RAM.]
SRD. STEP RECOVERY DIODE
SSB. SINGLE SIDEBAND (SIDE BAND)
SSR. SOLID STATE RELAY
STM. SCANNING TUNNELING (TUNNELLING) MICROSCOPE (MICROSCOPY)
SW. SHORT WAVE (SHORTWAVE)
SWR. STANDING WAVE RATIO
TAC. TIME TO AMPLITUDE CONVERTER (CONVERSION)
TC. TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT
TDC. TIME TO DIGITAL CONVERTER (CONVERSION)
TDM. TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEX (-ED, -ER) [MUX.]
TDR. TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETER (REFLECTOMETRY)
THD. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
TNC. TERMINAL NODE CONTROLLER
TOF. TIME OF FLIGHT
TPC. TIME PROJECTION CHAMBER
TR. TRANSMIT RECEIVE (TRANSMITTER RECEIVER)
TTL. TRANSISTOR TRANSISTOR LOGIC
TU. TERMINAL UNIT
TV. TELEVISION
TVRO. TELEVISION RECEIVE ONLY [TV.]
UART. UNIVERSAL ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER TRANSMITTER
UHF. ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY [HF.]
UJT. UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTOR
UP. MICROPROCESSOR
UPS. UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY [PS.]
USART. UNIVERSAL SYNCHRONOUS ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER TRANSMITTER
UV. ULTRAVIOLET (ULTRA VIOLET)
VCA. VOLTAGE CONTROLLED AMPLIFIER [AMP.]
VCO. VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
VCR. VIDEO CASSETTE RECORDER
VDU. VISUAL (VIDEO) DISPLAY UNIT
VFC. VOLTAGE TO FREQUENCY CONVERTER (CONVERTOR) (CONVERSION)
VFO. VARIABLE FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR
VHF. VERY HIGH FREQUENCY [HF.]
VIA. VERSATILE INTERFACE ADAPTER (ADAPTOR)
VLF. VERY LOW FREQUENCY [LF.]
VLSI. VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION [LSI.]
VMOS. VERTICAL CHANNEL METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR [MOS.]
VSWR. VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO [SWR.]
ZCD. ZERO CROSSING DETECTOR (DETECTION)
ZIF. ZERO INSERTION FORCE
****************************************************************
APPENDIX E
Remarks (for REMARKS [REM1] field)
E SOME DEVICE NUMBER(S) IN "DEVICES" [DEV] FIELD IS (ARE)
PROBABLY WRONG, BUT AS GIVEN IN ARTICLE
1 SOME DEVICE NUMBER(S) NOT ENTERED INTO "DEVICES" [DEV] FIELD
AS PRINT IN ARTICLE IS TOO SMALL TO READ
2 SOME TERM(S) THAT MAY LOOK LIKE STANDARD CIRCUIT SEARCH
ABBREVIATION(S), ISN'T (AREN'T) NECESSARILY
3 IN "AFFIL" FIELD, COMPANY NAME GIVEN DOESN'T NECESSARILY MATCH
(PROBABLE) HOME ADDRESS GIVEN
4 SOME DEVICE NUMBER(S) IN "DEVICES" [DEV] FIELD MAY BE
INCORRECT BECAUSE PRINT IN ARTICLE IS ILLEGIBLE
5 GREEK CHARACTER(S) IN TITLE ARE TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH
EQUIVALENT(S) IN "TITLE" FIELD
6 PROBABLE ERROR (OR OMISSION) IN "AFFIL" FIELD, BUT TRANSCRIBED
AS GIVEN IN ARTICLE
7 GREEK CHARACTER(S) IN "CCT" AND/OR "EXTRA KEYWORDS" [EXTRAKW]
FIELD(S) GIVEN AS ENGLISH EQUIVALENT(S)
8 PROBABLE SPELLING ERROR, BUT AS GIVEN IN ARTICLE
9 PAGE NUMBER IN "PAGE" [P] FIELD REFERS TO SPECIAL OR
SUPPLEMENT SECTION IN ISSUE
10 "ARTICLE" IS ACTUALLY A PROMOTIONAL ITEM (SUCH AS FOUND IN A
"NEW PRODUCTS" SECTION)
11 OBVIOUS ERROR IN ARTICLE CONCERNING AUTHOR AFFILIATION
CORRECTED IN "AFFIL" FIELD
12 ENTRY IN "NO" FIELD REFERS TO 1ST NUMBER OF 2 (OR MORE) NUMBER
ISSUE
13 PROBABLE ERROR(S) IN "CCT" AND/OR "EXTRA KEYWORDS" [EXTRAKW]
FIELD(S), DUE TO DESCRIPTION IN ARTICLE
14 PROBABLE ERROR(S) NOTICED IN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM(S) IN ARTICLE
15 UNIDENTIFIABLE DEVICES WITHOUT NUMBERS IN DEVICE TYPE ARE NOT
INCLUDED IN "DEVICES" [DEV] FIELD
16 SOMETHING IN RECORD MAY LOOK STRANGE, BUT IS OK (ACCORDING TO
ARTICLE)
19 "U." IN "AFFIL" FIELD DOESN'T REFER TO "UNIVERSITY" (AS WOULD
USUALLY BE THE CASE)
21 ARTICLE INCLUDES BLANK PAGE(S) REFLECTED IN "PAGE" [P] AND/OR
"ARTICLE LENGTH" [LEN] FIELD(S)
24 THERE IS NOTHING IN TEXT OF ARTICLE SPECIFICALLY CONCERNING
THE CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC
25 NAME IN "AUTHOR" FIELD IS NOT 1ST AUTHOR GIVEN IN ARTICLE, BUT
ARTICLE SAYS TO WRITE THIS AUTHOR
26 LEGEND(S) IN FIGURE(S) IN ARTICLE IS (ARE) MIXED UP
27 OBVIOUS ERROR IN TITLE HAS BEEN CORRECTED IN "TITLE" FIELD
28 THE 1ST OF 2 OR MORE ADDRESSES FOR THE AUTHOR(S) IS GIVEN IN
THE "AFFIL" FIELD
29 SYMBOL(S) IS (ARE) TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH EQUIVALENT(S) IN
THE "TITLE" FIELD
30 SCHEMATIC(S) AS SHOWN IS (ARE) ESSENTIALLY PICTURE(S) OR
DRAWING(S) OF ACTUAL PHYSICAL CIRCUIT(S)
31 "-BAR" IS INCLUDED SOMEWHERE IN THE RECORD, REFERRING TO AN
OVERSTROKE (A LINE OVER CHARACTER(S))
32 MOST TEXT IN ARTICLE IS IN FRENCH
33 NAME IN "AUTHOR" FIELD IS 1ST AUTHOR OF SEVERAL WRITING
SECTIONS OF "ARTICLE"
34 OBVIOUS DEVICE NUMBER ERROR(S) IN ARTICLE HAS (HAVE) BEEN
CORRECTED IN "DEVICES" [DEV] FIELD
35 UNCERTAIN OF THE AUTHOR'S NAME IN "AUTHOR" FIELD; IT IS
PRESENTED IN UNUSUAL FASHION IN THE ARTICLE
36 NAME IN "AUTHOR" FIELD IS NOT NECESSARILY AUTHOR, BUT
CONTRIBUTOR TO ARTICLE OR COLUMN
37 FOIL PATTERN (PC BOARD LAYOUT) SHOWN IN ARTICLE IS NOT
COMPLETE AND/OR NOT OF CIRCUIT DESCRIBED
39 IN "AFFIL" FIELD, ADDRESS MAY BE (BUT IS PROBABLY NOT)
TEMPORARY ADDRESS OF AUTHOR
42 SPECIAL ISSUE OF JOURNAL, OR "MONTH" PORTION OF "DATE"
[YYMMDD] FIELD IS ACTUALLY ISSUE NUMBER
44 IN "AFFIL" FIELD, UNCERTAIN OF ADDRESS BECAUSE OF MANNER IN
WHICH IT IS PRESENTED IN ARTICLE
45 ALL OR PART OF ARTICLE HAS BEEN REPRINTED OR USED FROM ANOTHER
JOURNAL OR PUBLICATION
46 "AUTHOR" FIELD AND/OR "AFFIL" FIELD REFER TO PERSON ASKING
(USUALLY) EDITOR QUESTION
47 IN "AFFIL" FIELD, ADDRESS NOT NECESSARILY FOR PRIMARY AUTHOR,
BUT NO ADDRESS WAS GIVEN FOR HIM (HER)
48 APRIL FOOL OR HUMOROUS ARTICLE (WHICH MAY NOT CONTAIN WORKABLE
CIRCUIT(S))
50 ONLY 1 ISSUE WAS PRINTED FOR ENTIRE YEAR
52 ALTHOUGH "PCB" [FOILPATT] FIELD IS "YES", LAYOUT CONSISTS ONLY
OF MICROSTRIPLINE DIMENSION(S) GIVEN
53 PASSIVE COMPONENT(S) REQUIRED FOR ARTICLE TO QUALIFY IS (ARE)
COMPLEX IMPEDANCE(S) AND/OR MICROSTRIPLINE
54 PROGRAM PROVIDED BY ARTICLE ("PROGRAM" [PROG] FIELD) IS
ACTUALLY CALCULATOR (NOT COMPUTER) PROGRAM
55 "A" IN ARTICLE IS TRANSLATED TO "ANGSTROM(S)" IN "CCT" AND/OR
"EXTRA KEYWORDS" [EXTRAKW] FIELD(S)
57 ARTICLE IS ACTUALLY PART OR SECTION OF OVERALL LARGER ARTICLE
OR SPECIAL SECTION
58 SYMBOL FOR "THE INTEGRAL OF" IS CONTAINED IN ACTUAL TITLE, BUT
IS OMITTED IN "TITLE" FIELD
59 "DEVICES" [DEV] AND/OR "# OF DEVICES" [NODEVS] FIELD(S)
REFER(S) TO "PIGGYBACK" DEVICE(S)
60 OBVIOUS SPELLING ERROR(S) IN ARTICLE CORRECTED IN "CCT" AND/OR
"EXTRA KEYWORDS" [EXTRAKW] FIELD(S)
61 FOR REASONS BEYOND CIRCUIT SEARCH'S CONTROL, ISSUE NUMBER IN
"NO" FIELD CANNOT BE PROVIDED
64 "AFFIL" FIELD PROVIDES SCHOOL THAT AUTHOR IS ATTENDING AND NOT
NECESSARILY EMPLOYED BY
65 INCORRECT SCHEMATIC(S) IN ARTICLE; MAY BE INTERCHANGED WITH
SCHEMATIC(S) ELSEWHERE IN SAME ISSUE OF JOURNAL
69 INCORRECT "VOL" (VOLUME) AND/OR "NO" (ISSUE NUMBER) AS GIVEN
IN JOURNAL IS (ARE) FOUND CORRECTED
72 "ROOT HZ" IN RECORD REFERS TO REFERENCE TO "HZ" WITHIN
SQUARE-ROOT SIGN IN ARTICLE
73 DEVICE(S) NOT ENTERED IN "DEVICES" [DEV] FIELD AS TYPE
ILLEGIBLE (AND "# OF DEVICES" [NODEVS] MAY BE INCORRECT)
76 "NO" FIELD CONTAINS "0" BECAUSE JOURNAL CONSISTS OF VOLUMES
ONLY
77 SYMBOL(S) TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH EQUIVALENT(S) IN "CCT"
AND/OR "EXTRA KEYWORDS" [EXTRAKW] FIELD(S)
78 ARTICLE PROVIDES ONLY AUTHOR'S 1ST NAME. THIS IS CONTAINED IN
"AUTHOR" FIELD
87 "MONTH" PART OF "DATE" [YYMMDD] FIELD IS ISSUE NUMBER, "DAY"
PART INDICATES IF 1ST, 2ND.. VOLUME OF YEAR
88 CIRCUIT(S) QUALIFY FOR CIRCUIT DEFINITION, BUT ARTICLE REFERS
TO IT (THEM) AS "BLOCK" DIAGRAM(S)
91 FOR REASONS BEYOND CIRCUIT SEARCH'S CONTROL, NEITHER ISSUE
NUMBER NOR MONTH OR DAY OF ISSUE ARE GIVEN
92 "MONTH" PORTION OF "DATE" [YYMMDD] FIELD IS ACTUALLY VOLUME
NUMBER
93 ARTICLE CONSISTS OF INTERVIEW, AND "AUTHOR" AND "AFFIL" FIELDS
REFER TO PRIMARY INTERVIEWEE
94 ARTICLE CONTAINS NO TITLE AS SUCH, AND "COLUMN" NAME IS USED
IN ITS PLACE IN "TITLE" FIELD
95 BOTH "VOL" AND "NO" FIELDS CONTAIN "0" BECAUSE JOURNAL
PROVIDES NEITHER VOLUME NOR ISSUE NUMBER
97 NAME IN "AUTHOR" FIELD IS PROBABLE EDITOR OF COLUMN, BUT
ARTICLE CONTAINS ITEMS FROM SEVERAL PERSONS
98 UNCERTAIN OF "# OF DEVICES" [NODEVS] FIELD BECAUSE OF MANNER
IN WHICH SCHEMATIC(S) DRAWN
AA SPECIAL ISSUE OR SUPPLEMENT WITH NO ISSUE NUMBER PROVIDED BY
JOURNAL FOR "NO" FIELD
AC PROBABLE ERROR IN TITLE, BUT ENTERED IN "TITLE" FIELD AS
FOUND IN ARTICLE
AD OBVIOUS ERROR IN DESCRIPTION IN ARTICLE CORRECTED IN "CCT"
AND/OR "EXTRA KEYWORDS" [EXTRAKW] FIELD(S)
AE AUTHOR IS ON (POSSIBLY TEMPORARY) CONTRACT TO ORGANIZATION IN
"AFFIL" FIELD
AG PREFIX PAGE NUMBER IN "PAGE" [P] FIELD WITH "H"
AI "DEGREE(S)" SYMBOL USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH NUMBER IN "TITLE"
FIELD IS SPELLED "DEG"
AJ NAME IN "AUTHOR" FIELD REFERS TO CIRCUIT DESIGNER AND NOT
(NECESSARILY) AUTHOR OF ARTICLE
AK PREFIX PAGE NUMBER IN "PAGE" [P] FIELD WITH "F"
AL PREFIX PAGE NUMBER IN "PAGE" [P] FIELD WITH "C"
AM NAME IN "AUTHOR" FIELD IS AUTHOR OF ORIGINAL ARTICLE REFERRED
TO (AND NOT NECESSARILY OF THIS ARTICLE)
AP PREFIX PAGE NUMBER IN "PAGE" [P] FIELD WITH "G"
AR ARTICLE EXCEEDS 20 PAGES IN LENGTH
AS ALL OR PART OF ARTICLE HAS BEEN REPRINTED OR USED FROM
ANOTHER ISSUE OF SAME JOURNAL
AV "DAY" PART OF "DATE" [YYMMDD] FIELD IS ISSUE NUMBER (WHERE
MORE THAN 1 ISSUE WAS PUBLISHED IN MONTH)
*****************************************************************
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REGISTRATION
To become a registered Circuit Search user or distributor,
allowing you to obtain photocopies (by FAX or mail) of articles
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While every effort is made by Circuit Search to supply
complete and accurate information in its services, Circuit Search
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Circuit Search cannot guarantee the quality of reproductions
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For further information, FAX or write:
CIRCUIT SEARCH
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COPYRIGHT (C) 1994 CIRCUIT SEARCH
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